Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a condition that develops in the majority of men and is by some estimates is the most prevalent of all minor ailments. A healthily functioning prostate is important for the workings of the male reproductive and urinary systems. The most frequently prescribed first-line pharmacological treatments for lower urinary tract symptoms attributed to benign prostatic hyperplasia are α1-adrenoceptor antagonists and 5α-reductase inhibitors; surgery can also be carried out. Expert consensus and a strong body of evidence show these drugs are safe and effective. However, they come with a variety of side-effects so patients' priorities and lifestyles will influence pharmacological management.